Damaged baggage guide

Document baggage damage before the evidence disappears.

Strong photographs, an airport report and a prompt written complaint help distinguish transport damage from ordinary wear and give the airline what it needs to offer repair, replacement or payment.

Reviewed 1 September 2026

01

Take photographs that explain the damage

Start with wide photographs showing the entire bag, tag and overall condition. Then take close-ups of broken wheels, handles, zips, shells or torn fabric. Photograph the inside and any affected contents before rearranging them.

If you have a pre-flight photograph, preserve it. It can show that the damage was new rather than pre-existing.

02

Create the airport report

Ask the airline or its ground handler for a damage report or PIR. Check that it describes the affected parts accurately and names any damaged or missing contents. Save the report reference and the baggage-tag receipt.

If no desk is open, use the airline’s official reporting channel immediately and record the time, place and reason an airport report was not available.

03

Do not destroy the evidence

Keep the suitcase until the claim is resolved. The airline may want a repair assessment, collection or inspection. Ask before arranging a repair or buying a replacement, unless an immediate purchase is genuinely necessary and you can explain why.

  • Original receipt, bank entry or order confirmation.
  • Approximate purchase date and normal condition before the flight.
  • Repair estimate or written confirmation that repair is impossible.
  • Receipts and photographs for damaged contents.

04

Make the written claim within seven days

Under the Montreal Convention, damage to checked baggage must generally be complained of in writing within seven days after receipt. An airport PIR alone may not be treated as the formal claim, so complete the airline’s separate process promptly and keep proof of submission.

Ordinary wear, superficial marks, inherent defects and problems caused by unsuitable packing may be excluded. Explain how the damage affects normal use and attach the evidence that supports your valuation.

Common questions

What passengers ask next.

Should I report a damaged suitcase before leaving the airport?

Yes, if possible. Report it to the airline or baggage handler in arrivals, get a PIR or damage report and take clear photographs before the bag is moved or repaired.

How long do I have to complain about baggage damage?

Where the Montreal Convention applies, the written complaint must generally be made within seven days from receiving the checked baggage. Airline procedures may require immediate airport reporting as well.

Will an airline replace a damaged suitcase?

Depending on the damage and the bag's age and value, an airline may arrange a repair, offer a replacement or make a payment. Do not discard or repair the bag until the airline gives instructions.

Are scratches and scuffs covered?

Airlines commonly exclude ordinary wear, superficial marks and damage caused by overpacking or an inherent defect. Evidence that the damage affects the bag's structure or use is important.

Can an airline reject a broken wheel, handle, lock or zip automatically?

A component-wide disclaimer does not by itself decide every claim. For covered international carriage, Montreal Convention Article 17(2) focuses on damage while checked baggage was in the carrier's charge, subject to the inherent-defect exception, while Article 26 addresses terms that relieve a carrier of Convention liability or impose a lower limit. The passenger must still prove new damage, functional impact, value and timely written notice.